Interaction of the plasma membrane with the cytoskeleton: an overview.

The intent of this review was to point out the diversity of cellular functions thought to be mediated by PM-cytoskeleton interactions. Based upon possible molecular mechanism, the functions were categorized into those involving PM proteins which are dispersed and those involving clustered proteins. Functions associated with dispersed proteins are thought to mediate the stabilization and shape of the PM. Clustering of PM proteins provides the driving force inducing their interaction with the cytoskeleton. Clustering by external ligands, pH or ionic exchanges, etc., is also a means of transmembrane signalling. Various methods used to explore cytoskeletal-PM mediated functions were evaluated. The methods were considered separately under biophysical, morphological and biochemical headings. This made it easier to point out current and potential values of the methods as well as their limitations. Each method taken separately is insufficient to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating cytoskeletal-PM reactions, but combined they hold great promise of future solutions.