Beahrs O H
Cancer. 1984 Feb 1;53(3 Suppl):592-4. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19840201)53:3+<592::aid-cncr2820531303>3.0.co;2-9.
Staging of a cancer of the breast reflects the anatomic extent of the tumor either at the time of diagnosis prior to treatment based on clinical, diagnostic, and biopsy information or at the time of postsurgical resection when all pathologic information obtained or studied of the resected specimen is used. In the future, chemical or biological markers may add another dimension to staging. There have been several schemes suggested for staging breast cancer, but the current recommendation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) jointly with the TNM Committee of the International Union against Cancer (UICC) should be universally used. More complete definitions of staging of the primary tumor (T), nodes (N), and distant spread (M), are discussed in this report. It is stressed that, obviously, the smaller a cancer and the earlier it is diagnosed has a greater influence on therapy.
乳腺癌的分期反映了肿瘤的解剖学范围，这既可以是在基于临床、诊断和活检信息进行治疗前诊断时，也可以是在手术切除后，此时会使用所获得的或研究的切除标本的所有病理信息。未来，化学或生物标志物可能会为分期增加另一个维度。已经有几种乳腺癌分期方案被提出，但美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）与国际抗癌联盟（UICC）的TNM委员会目前的建议应被普遍采用。本报告将讨论原发肿瘤（T）、淋巴结（N）和远处转移（M）分期的更完整定义。需要强调的是，显然，肿瘤越小且诊断越早，对治疗的影响就越大。
