Cellular DNA replication is independent of the synthesis or accumulation of ribosomal RNA.

We have used an antibody against RNA polymerase I to investigate the role of rRNA synthesis and/or accumulation in the control of cell proliferation. The antibody was microinjected directly into the nuclei of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells that were subsequently stimulated with serum. Under the experimental conditions used, the microinjection of the antibody against RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I) caused a 50-70% decrease in nucleolar RNA synthesis that lasted for at least 17 h, a greater than 90% inhibition in the accumulation of nucleolar RNA, and a 70% inhibition in the accumulation of total cellular RNA. A control IgG, similarly microinjected into Swiss 3T3 cells had no inhibitory effect on either the synthesis or accumulation of nucleolar and cellular RNA. Despite the dramatic effect on the synthesis and accumulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) the antibody against RNA (rRNA) the antibody against RNA pol I was totally ineffective in inhibiting the entry into S phase of serum-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cells. Cells depleted of cellular RNA by metaphase arrest also entered S phase with subnormal amounts of cellular RNA. The results of these experiments clearly indicate that a normal rate of nucleolar RNA synthesis, and a normal rate of accumulation of total cellular RNA are not a prerequisite for the entry of cells into S phase.