Hudgel D W, Martin R J, Johnson B, Hill P
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Jan;56(1):133-7. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.1.133.
The purposes of this investigation were to describe the changes in 1) dynamic compliance of the lungs, 2) airflow resistance, and 3) breathing pattern that occur during sleep in normal adult humans. Six subjects wore a tightly fitting face mask. Flow and volume were obtained from a pneumotachograph attached to the face mask. Transpulmonary pressure was calculated as the difference between esophageal pressure obtained with a balloon and mask pressure. At least 20 consecutive breaths were analyzed for dynamic compliance, airflow resistance, and breathing pattern during wakefulness, non-rapid-eye-movement stage 2 and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Dynamic compliance did not change significantly. Airflow resistance increased during sleep; resistance was 3.93 +/- 0.56 cmH2O X 1-1 X s during wakefulness, 7.96 +/- 0.95 in stage 2 sleep, and 8.66 +/- 1.43 in REM sleep (P less than 0.02). By placing a catheter in the retroepiglottic space and thus dividing the airway into upper and lower zones, we found the increase in resistance occurred almost entirely above the larynx. Decreases in tidal volume, minute ventilation, and mean inspiratory flow observed during sleep were not statistically significant.
1）肺的动态顺应性，2）气流阻力，以及3）呼吸模式。六名受试者佩戴贴合紧密的面罩。通过连接在面罩上的呼吸流速计获取流量和容积。经肺压计算为用气囊测得的食管压力与面罩压力之差。对清醒、非快速眼动睡眠2期和快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间的动态顺应性、气流阻力和呼吸模式，至少连续分析20次呼吸。动态顺应性无显著变化。睡眠期间气流阻力增加；清醒时阻力为3.93±0.56cmH₂O×1⁻¹×s，2期睡眠时为7.96±0.95，REM睡眠时为8.66±1.43（P＜0.02）。通过在会厌后间隙放置一根导管，从而将气道分为上、下区域，我们发现阻力增加几乎完全发生在喉部上方。睡眠期间观察到的潮气量、分钟通气量和平均吸气流量的降低无统计学意义。
