Axen K, Haas F, Gaudino D, Haas S S
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Jan;56(1):175-81. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.1.175.
First-breath ventilatory responses to graded inspiratory elastic and resistive loads were obtained from 80 women unfamiliar with respiratory experimentation. For each load 1) responses from different subjects ranged from a weak tidal volume defense coupled with an increased breathing frequency to a strong tidal volume defense coupled with a decreased frequency; 2) strong tidal volume defenders employed longer inspirations than did weak tidal volume defenders; and 3) individual respiratory frequency responses were mediated by changes in inspiratory and/or expiratory timing. Thus the group response was qualitatively the same as that reported for 80 men. Quantitatively, however, mean inspiratory airflow responses of women exceeded those of men by an amount attributable to women's higher intrinsic respiratory elastance. Tidal volume responses, on the other hand, did not differ significantly, suggesting that men and women produce different neural adjustments to loads. In support of this hypothesis, analysis of respiratory timing responses revealed that 1) men actively prolonged inspiration more than women during resistive loading; and 2) women actively shortened inspiration more than men during elastic loading. These findings indicate that the load-compensating behavior exhibited by men and women is similar but not identical.
对80名不熟悉呼吸实验的女性进行了首次呼吸对分级吸气弹性和阻力负荷的通气反应测试。对于每种负荷，1）不同受试者的反应范围从微弱的潮气量防御伴呼吸频率增加到强烈的潮气量防御伴频率降低；2）强潮气量防御者的吸气时间比弱潮气量防御者更长；3）个体呼吸频率反应由吸气和/或呼气时间的变化介导。因此，该组反应在质量上与80名男性的报告相同。然而，在数量上，女性的平均吸气气流反应超过男性，超出的量归因于女性更高的固有呼吸弹性。另一方面，潮气量反应没有显著差异，这表明男性和女性对负荷产生不同的神经调节。为支持这一假设，对呼吸时间反应的分析表明，1）在阻力负荷期间，男性比女性更积极地延长吸气时间；2）在弹性负荷期间，女性比男性更积极地缩短吸气时间。这些发现表明，男性和女性表现出的负荷补偿行为相似但不相同。
