Ouslander J G, Kane R L
Med Care. 1984 Jan;22(1):69-79. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198401000-00006.
A simple model was used to calculate the contribution of urinary incontinence (UI) to the costs of nursing home care. First-order costs are defined as the costs of managing UI: supplies, laundry, and labor. Second-order costs are defined as the costs of managing the complications of UI. Data were gathered from nursing homes, medical supply companies, and a large laundry company. First-order costs of four common methods of managing UI range between $ 3.00 and $ 11.00 per incontinent patient per day. Based on these estimates, UI accounts for between $ 0.5 and $ 1.5 billion (3-8%) of the costs of nursing home care. Management of UI with indwelling catheters results in the lowest first-order costs, but the second-order costs (as well as the potential increased morbidity and mortality risks) probably outweigh any cost savings. More active evaluation and treatment of UI in nursing homes could result in considerable cost savings and improved well-being for both patients and caregivers.
一个简单的模型被用于计算尿失禁（UI）对疗养院护理成本的贡献。一阶成本被定义为管理尿失禁的成本：用品、洗衣和劳动力。二阶成本被定义为管理尿失禁并发症的成本。数据收集自疗养院、医疗用品公司和一家大型洗衣公司。管理尿失禁的四种常见方法的一阶成本为每位失禁患者每天3.00美元至11.00美元。基于这些估计，尿失禁占疗养院护理成本的0.5亿至15亿美元（3 - 8%）。使用留置导尿管管理尿失禁导致的一阶成本最低，但二阶成本（以及潜在增加的发病和死亡风险）可能超过任何成本节约。在疗养院对尿失禁进行更积极的评估和治疗可能会为患者和护理人员带来可观的成本节约和福祉改善。
