Growth and hematological changes in the Eskimo children of Wainwright, Alaska: 1968 to 1977.

The growth and hematological status of all 152 Eskimo children of Wainwright, AK observed in 1977 are reported and compared with the respective status of the children living there in 1968. Fifty-two children (34%) in the 1977 study were also in the 1968 study. Comparison of height data observed in 1977 with those observed in 1968 reveals that male children less than 11 yr of age and female children ages 3 to 9 yr showed a significant improvement in stature (p less than 0.05). At the same time, an improvement in nutrition was observed among the children in 1977 as evidenced by the marked decrease in anemia for children under 6 yr (p less than 0.001). These changes in growth and hematological status have occurred during a time in which health services were improved, a supplemental nutrition program was instituted, and subsistence food gathering remained high. These changes underscore the contribution of environmental factors rather than of genetic variability to the growth potential of these children.