Dowler D L, Walls R T, Haught P A, Zawlocki R J
Am J Ment Defic. 1984 Jan;88(4):428-34.
Twenty-seven mentally retarded employees of a sheltered workshop were trained on five discrimination tasks (wires, hardware, moldings, capacitors, and fasteners) using five combination of preference, prompt, and task agreement: all agree, preference different, prompt different, tasks different, and all different. The data revealed that when the learners were prompted in the dimension of the target discrimination (a) fewer errors were made, (b) training time was reduced, and (c) fewer training trials were required to reach criterion. Preference for a particular dimension (color, shape, or size, as measured by a screening test) did not significantly affect performance on the discrimination tasks. Findings were discussed in terms of the functions of prompts as feedback, reinforcement, and symbolic parts of a compound stimulus.
一家庇护工厂的27名智障员工接受了五项辨别任务（电线、五金件、成型件、电容器和紧固件）的培训，培训采用了偏好、提示和任务一致性的五种组合：全部一致、偏好不同、提示不同、任务不同以及全部不同。数据显示，当在目标辨别的维度上对学习者进行提示时，（a）错误减少，（b）训练时间缩短，并且（c）达到标准所需的训练次数减少。对特定维度（通过筛选测试测量的颜色、形状或尺寸）的偏好并未显著影响辨别任务的表现。从提示作为反馈、强化和复合刺激的象征性部分的功能方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
