Grauer K
Am Fam Physician. 1984 Feb;29(2):223-36.
Prompt defibrillation with lower energy levels (200 joules) initially is now recommended. Epinephrine is effective when instilled intratracheally and remains the treatment of choice for restoring cardiac rhythm. Enthusiasm for isoproterenol and calcium chloride has waned. Sodium bicarbonate and atropine are now used more cautiously. Bretylium and verapamil have improved the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, respectively.
现在推荐最初使用较低能量水平（200焦耳）进行快速除颤。肾上腺素经气管内注入时有效，仍然是恢复心律的首选治疗方法。对异丙肾上腺素和氯化钙的热情已经消退。碳酸氢钠和阿托品现在使用得更加谨慎。溴苄铵和维拉帕米分别改善了难治性心室颤动和阵发性室上性心动过速的治疗。
