Sly P D, Drew J H
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1984 Feb;12(1):41-5. doi: 10.1177/0310057X8401200108.
A review of 9401 consecutive live births at the Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne, was performed to determine the incidence of air leak in those with respiratory distress syndrome. Respiratory distress was detected in 552 (5.9%) infants and hyaline membrane disease was the most common cause occurring in 238 (2.5%) infants. Air leak developed in 22% of infants with respiratory distress, 8% had pulmonary interstitial emphysema alone, 14% had pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax and 7% had emphysema with pneumomediastinum or pneumothorax. Mortality increased from 12% in infants without air leak to 31% (p less than 0.001) in infants with air leak. Ninety-five per cent of air leak developed in infants with hyaline membrane, and these were smaller, less mature and sicker than those without air leak. Eighty-seven per cent of air leak developed in infants treated with assisted ventilation and was commoner with mechanical ventilators with a more rapid rise in inspiratory pressure.
对墨尔本仁慈妇产医院连续9401例活产病例进行了回顾性研究，以确定呼吸窘迫综合征患者中空气泄漏的发生率。552例（5.9%）婴儿出现呼吸窘迫，其中238例（2.5%）婴儿患有透明膜病，是最常见的病因。呼吸窘迫婴儿中有22%发生空气泄漏，8%仅发生肺间质气肿，14%发生纵隔气肿或气胸，7%发生肺气肿合并纵隔气肿或气胸。无空气泄漏婴儿的死亡率为12%，有空气泄漏婴儿的死亡率增至31%（p<0.001）。95%的空气泄漏发生在患有透明膜病的婴儿中，这些婴儿比无空气泄漏的婴儿更小、更不成熟且病情更重。87%的空气泄漏发生在接受辅助通气治疗的婴儿中，在吸气压力上升更快的机械通气中更为常见。
