Holt J E, Holt G R
Arch Otolaryngol. 1984 Apr;110(4):211-20. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1984.00800300003001.
The lacrimal drainage system is both an anatomic and a physiologic system. Anatomic abnormalities may be a result of congenital defects, infection, trauma, or tumors. The physiologic action of the eyelids, if altered, will affect the tear flow as well as disturb the lacrimal pump. Physiologic and anatomic abnormalities may be defined using the Schirmer, basic secretion, Jones I and II dye, and fluorescein dye disappearance tests. Once the correct diagnosis has been made, the appropriate surgical procedures restore the system's integrity. Punctal abnormalities and eyelid malpositions require surgical correction. Canalicular lacerations should be primarily repaired. Lacrimal sac obstruction is treated with a dacryocystorhinostomy and canalicular intubation. Placement of a Jones tube is required for obstruction of the upper collecting system.
泪道引流系统既是一个解剖系统，也是一个生理系统。解剖异常可能是先天性缺陷、感染、创伤或肿瘤导致的结果。眼睑的生理作用若发生改变，将会影响泪液流动，也会扰乱泪泵。生理和解剖异常可通过施密特试验、基础分泌试验、琼斯I和II染料试验以及荧光素染料消失试验来确定。一旦做出正确诊断，适当的外科手术可恢复该系统的完整性。泪点异常和眼睑位置异常需要手术矫正。泪小管撕裂应进行一期修复。泪囊阻塞采用泪囊鼻腔吻合术和泪小管插管治疗。上集合系统阻塞则需要置入琼斯管。
