Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Halle, Deutschland.
Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2022 Jan;239(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/a-1717-2110. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
Congenital dacryostenosis is the most common reason for ophthalmic consultation in childhood. It is most often caused by persisting of Hasner's membrane. However, congenital malformations of the lacrimal drainage system can also occur in rare cases. In the area of the proximal lacrimal drainage system, supernumerary lacrimal puncta and canaliculi can arise as well as diverticula, fistula, and atresia. The distal lacrimal drainage system can be affected by fistulas, amniotoceles, and cysts. Association of lacrimal malformations with congenital systemic diseases is reported in about 10% of cases. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, surgical rehabilitation can be performed, and endoscopic procedures and modern lacrimal drainage intubation systems may be employed.
先天性泪道狭窄是儿童眼科就诊最常见的原因。它通常是由 Hasner 膜持续存在引起的。然而，在罕见情况下，也会发生泪液排出系统的先天性畸形。在近端泪液排出系统区域，可能会出现额外的泪小点和泪小管，以及憩室、瘘管和闭锁。远端泪液排出系统可能会受到瘘管、羊膜带囊肿和囊肿的影响。大约 10%的病例报告中提到，泪器畸形与先天性全身疾病有关。根据症状的严重程度，可以进行手术康复，并且可以采用内镜手术和现代泪道插管系统。
