Inhibitory nigral influence on tectospinal neurons, a possible implication of basal ganglia in orienting behavior.

We have established in previous electrophysiological studies that the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) exerts a potent inhibitory influence on cells located in the intermediate and deep tectal strata. The present study demonstrates that, in the rat, the tectospinal neurons constitute one of the cellular populations of the tectum on which the SN exerts its influence. Tectospinal neurons were identified using the antidromic activation method. Following SNr stimulation 17/37 (45%) of these cells showed a short-latency (1.5-2 ms) short-duration (7-15 ms) inhibition. This effect was revealed by a blockade of spontaneous and peripherally evoked discharges. Moreover, in some cases the nigral inhibition delayed the antidromic invasion of the somato-dendritic portion of the neuron. Tectospinal neurons have been considered as one of the neuronal substrate by which the superior colliculus (SC) can promote head orienting movements. The evidence that the SNr influences the responsiveness of these cells to their peripheral sensory inputs suggests that the basal ganglia and in particular the SNr are involved in the integrative sensorimotor processes underlying head orienting movements.