Collerain I
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1978 Apr;4(2):120-30. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.4.2.120.
Three related experiments were performed to examine trial-to-trial differences in production of frustration odor during runway extinction by rats that had received 0, 2, 4, or 6 prior rewards. Differences in odor production were indexed by the subsequent speed of escape from the runway goal box by conspecifics. The results indicated that (a) subjects will perform a hurdle-jump response to escape from frustration odor; (b) escape performance even after several prior escape trials accurately reflects trial-to-trial changes in production of frustration odor; and (c) production of frustration odor requires only 4 prior rewards. Implications of the present data for frustration analyses of the limited-trial partial reinforcement effect and future investigations of frustration odor are discussed.
进行了三项相关实验，以检验在跑道消退过程中，接受过0次、2次、4次或6次先前奖励的大鼠产生挫折气味时的逐次试验差异。气味产生的差异通过同种个体随后从跑道目标箱逃脱的速度来衡量。结果表明：（a）受试者会做出跨栏跳跃反应以逃离挫折气味；（b）即使经过几次先前的逃脱试验，逃脱表现仍能准确反映出挫折气味产生的逐次试验变化；（c）产生挫折气味仅需4次先前奖励。本文还讨论了这些数据对有限试验部分强化效应的挫折分析以及未来挫折气味研究的意义。
