Bemporad J R, Kresch R A, Asnes R, Wilson A
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1978 Jul;166(7):472-9. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197807000-00002.
Chronic neurotic encopresis (CNE), a childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by inappropriate fecal soiling, necessitated the formation of the following specific etiological factors: a) a neurologically immature developmental musculature, an organic condition which may complicate toilet training; b) premature or harsh toilet training; c) a family constellation in which the father is frequently absent and the mother erratic, emotionally inappropriate, and distant; d) the child's formation of a noncommunicative, passive, dependent personality. All of these factors are helpful in explaining the occurrence of CNE, which is thus seen as the result of a synergistic interaction among them. The complexity of etiological agents dictates a multifactorial rather than unicausal model of mental illness. Future research and tactics of psychotherapeutic intervention should focus on the interplay among these factors rather than attempting to single out one primary predisposing factor.
慢性神经症性遗粪症（CNE）是一种以不适当的粪便污染为特征的儿童精神障碍，需要考虑以下特定病因因素：a）神经发育不成熟的肌肉组织，这是一种可能使如厕训练复杂化的器质性状况；b）过早或严厉的如厕训练；c）家庭结构中父亲经常缺席，母亲行为不稳定、情感不适当且冷漠；d）儿童形成非沟通性、被动、依赖型人格。所有这些因素都有助于解释CNE的发生，因此可将其视为这些因素之间协同相互作用的结果。病因因素的复杂性决定了精神疾病的多因素而非单病因模型。未来的研究和心理治疗干预策略应关注这些因素之间的相互作用，而不是试图找出一个主要的易感因素。
