Shy-Modjeska J S, Riviere J E, Rawlings J O
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Jan;72(1):91-101. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(84)90252-7.
The biplot technique was applied to aminoglycoside renal toxicological and pharmacokinetic data in beagles. The biplot obtains a two-dimensional approximation to a matrix and plots row effects and column effects jointly, depicting relationships among different observed variables and simultaneously showing the relationship of experimental units as individuals and as treatment groups to those variables. This graphical representation of the matrix allows inspection of relationships, trends, clusters, approximate correlations, and variances existing in the data. Biplots were generated from gentamicin dosage regimen nephrotoxicity data. Six dogs classified as being intoxicated by established indicators of renal toxicity were a distinct cluster. A cluster of nonintoxicated dogs was separated into two groups approximating nephrectomized and normal dogs, thus revealing variables significant in separating toxic and nontoxic as well as nephrectomized and normal dogs. Biplots from pharmacokinetic data were able to separate different renal disease states on the basis of disease-induced changes in gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters. In conclusion, the biplot technique proved to be a very useful tool in exploring this type of data by revealing clear relationships between nephrotoxicity and physiological and pharmacokinetic variables and by separating different disease states based on these data.
双标图技术应用于比格犬的氨基糖苷类肾毒理学和药代动力学数据。双标图可对矩阵进行二维近似，并同时绘制行效应和列效应，描绘不同观测变量之间的关系，同时展示实验单位作为个体以及作为治疗组与这些变量的关系。矩阵的这种图形表示允许检查数据中存在的关系、趋势、聚类、近似相关性和方差。双标图由庆大霉素给药方案肾毒性数据生成。根据既定的肾毒性指标分类为中毒的6只狗形成一个明显的聚类。一组未中毒的狗被分为两组，分别近似于肾切除狗和正常狗，从而揭示了在区分中毒和未中毒以及肾切除和正常狗方面具有显著意义的变量。来自药代动力学数据的双标图能够根据庆大霉素药代动力学参数的疾病诱导变化区分不同的肾脏疾病状态。总之，双标图技术被证明是探索这类数据的非常有用的工具，它揭示了肾毒性与生理和药代动力学变量之间的明确关系，并基于这些数据区分不同的疾病状态。
