Herman C P, Polivy J, Pliner P, Threlkeld J, Munic D
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1978 May;36(5):536-48. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.36.5.536.
Two experiments were performed in an investigation of the effects of distraction and emotional arousal on the proofreading performance of dieting female subjects. In Experiment 1, it was found that distraction initially impaired the performance of dieters and facilitated the performance of nondieters, a pattern previously shown by Rodin to apply to obese and normal weight subjects, respectively, and interpreted as evidence of greater externality in the obese. Subsequent retesting of the same subjects in succeeding months, however, revealed a complete reversal of the original results. In Experiment 2, the reaction to distraction found in the first phase of Experiment 1 was obtained when subjects were in a situation of minimal threat. In a situation of high threat, the relative distractibility of dieters was reversed, as in the latter phases of Experiment 1. An explanation is offered for these data in terms of the greater emotionality of dieters, the susceptibility of cognitive performance to arousal (distraction, anxiety) manipulations, and the potentially competing effects of distraction and anxiety. Implications for the prevailing "trait" view of externality (stimulus binding) are discussed.
进行了两项实验，以研究分心和情绪唤起对节食女性受试者校对表现的影响。在实验1中，发现分心最初会损害节食者的表现，而促进非节食者的表现，这种模式先前已被罗丹证明分别适用于肥胖和正常体重的受试者，并被解释为肥胖者具有更大外在性的证据。然而，在随后的几个月里对同一受试者进行的重新测试显示，原始结果完全逆转。在实验2中，当受试者处于最小威胁的情况下，得到了实验1第一阶段中发现的对分心的反应。在高威胁的情况下，节食者的相对易分心性发生了逆转，就像实验1的后几个阶段那样。从节食者更大的情绪化、认知表现对唤起（分心、焦虑）操纵的敏感性以及分心和焦虑的潜在竞争效应方面，对这些数据给出了解释。讨论了对当前关于外在性（刺激联结）的“特质”观点的影响。
