Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermally administered clonidine.

Clonidine was applied to the skin of healthy volunteers once weekly by means of a Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS). The plasma concentration and renal excretion of clonidine, and its effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded for 7 days, followed by a three-day observation period when a second TTS was applied. Subjective side effects were semiquantitatively recorded. Four different TTS formulations were tested; of which TTS-RP 600679 was the most effective. Following application of this formulation, the plasma level of the drug built-up up during the first 2 days and then remained stable for 120 h at therapeutic concentrations between 0.5 and 0.7 ng/ml; MAP was consistently reduced. During the steady state period the daily urinary clonidine excretion was in the same range as during chronic administration of Catapres tablets 0.15 mg every 12 h, or Catapres Perlongets 0.25 mg every 24 h. Transdermal clonidine applications renewed weekly provide the following therapeutic advantages: 1. patients are protected continuously throughout the entire steady state period; 2. daily fluctuations in plasma clonidine concentration are minimized, which may result in a marked reduction in side effects; and, 3. drug compliance should be improved.