Roshchin A V, Veselov V G, Panova A I
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1984;28(1):17-24.
Metals of the platinum group have found important application in technology and industry. Compounds of these metals display a broad spectrum of toxic effects on the organism. In persons dealing with them in the production, they induce allergic occupational diseases of the respiratory passages, dermatoses, affections of the eyes. Their resorptive chronic effect in experiment is characterized by reduction in the body mass of the animals and the content of haemoglobin in the blood, by disturbances of the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, decreased cholinesterase activity in the blood, impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, reduced concentrating capacity of the liver, development of glomerulonephritis. Platinum and platinoids irritate mucous membranes and skin. They penetrate the organism through intact skin. Data on the distribution of the metals in the organs and on their elimination from the organism are reported. Toxicity of the metals of the platinum group is correlated with valence of the compounds and with electron structure. MAC for milling and condensation aerosols of poorly soluble compounds (metal and its oxides) are recommended at 0.1 mg/m3. For aerosols of all soluble compounds of platinum and platinoids, MAC of 0.001 mg/m3 are recommended.
铂族金属在技术和工业中已得到重要应用。这些金属的化合物对生物体表现出广泛的毒性作用。在生产过程中接触这些金属的人员，会引发呼吸道过敏性职业病、皮肤病和眼部疾病。它们在实验中的慢性吸收效应表现为动物体重减轻、血液中血红蛋白含量降低、肝脏蛋白质合成功能紊乱、血液中胆碱酯酶活性降低、碳水化合物和脂质代谢受损、肝脏浓缩能力下降、肾小球肾炎的发展。铂和铂类化合物会刺激黏膜和皮肤。它们可通过完整皮肤进入生物体。报告了这些金属在器官中的分布及其从生物体排出的数据。铂族金属的毒性与化合物的价态和电子结构相关。对于难溶性化合物（金属及其氧化物）的研磨和冷凝气溶胶，建议的职业接触限值（MAC）为0.1毫克/立方米。对于铂和铂类化合物的所有可溶性化合物的气溶胶，建议的职业接触限值为0.001毫克/立方米。
