Lockman J J
Child Dev. 1984 Apr;55(2):482-91.
3 longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the generalization of detour ability across motor responses and barrier types and the relationship between the development of object permanence and detour ability. In Experiment 1, 12 8-month-olds were tested every 3 weeks for 4 months on 4 different detour problems and Stage 4 and 6 object permanence tasks. In the detour problems, infants had to reach or move around a transparent or opaque barrier to obtain an object. The results indicated that infants made reaching detours before corresponding locomotor ones and generally made detours around opaque barriers before transparent ones. Infants also solved the Stage 4 task before the detour problems but failed to solve the Stage 6 task before testing ended. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 suggested that the difference in reaching and locomotor detour performance was not an artifact of barrier length or the infant's position relative to the barrier. The overall results are discussed in relation to issues of developmental synchrony and Piaget's theory of infant spatial development.
进行了3项纵向研究，以检验迂回能力在运动反应和障碍物类型之间的泛化，以及客体永久性发展与迂回能力之间的关系。在实验1中，12名8个月大的婴儿在4个月内每3周接受一次测试，测试内容包括4种不同的迂回问题以及第4阶段和第6阶段的客体永久性任务。在迂回问题中，婴儿必须绕过透明或不透明的障碍物才能拿到物品。结果表明，婴儿在相应的移动迂回之前就做出了伸手迂回，并且通常在绕过透明障碍物之前先绕过不透明障碍物。婴儿在解决迂回问题之前也解决了第4阶段的任务，但在测试结束前未能解决第6阶段的任务。实验2和实验3的结果表明，伸手迂回和移动迂回表现的差异并非障碍物长度或婴儿相对于障碍物的位置所导致的假象。将结合发展同步性问题和皮亚杰的婴儿空间发展理论对总体结果进行讨论。
