Jacobsen D, Frederichsen P S, Knutsen K M, Sørum Y, Talseth T, Odegaard O R
Hum Toxicol. 1984 Apr;3(2):93-106. doi: 10.1177/096032718400300203.
A prospective multicentre study of all acute poisonings among adults admitted to hospital (n = 1145) or dying outside hospital (n = 67) in Oslo was performed during 1980. Of the 1212 episodes, 98.3% were self-poisonings, giving an annual incidence of 2.8 per 1000 inhabitants (0/00), 3.1 0/00 in males and 2.6 0/00 in females. The main toxic agents among the self-poisoned patients were ethanol (19.7%), benzodiazepines (17.8%), opiates (14.9%), neuroleptics (10.4%) and antidepressants (9.3%). In 58.9% of the episodes more than one toxic agent was taken. Abuse among the self-poisoned patients was significantly (p less than 0.005) more common among males than females (64.2 v. 34.5%). The rate of suicide attempts was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher among females than males (20.2 v. 12.9%), females showing increasing rate with age. However, when excluding abusers the rate of suicide attempts was similar in both sexes (27.6 v. 25.0%). Compared to a reference population self-poisonings were most common in the lower middle and the lowest social classes. Patients in these social classes, however, showed a lower rate of suicide attempts than those in the two highest social classes. Overall mortality was 6.0% (n = 73), but 91.8% of all deaths occurred outside hospital indicating the importance of including these figures when self-poisonings are studied.
1980年，在奥斯陆开展了一项前瞻性多中心研究，对象为入院的成年急性中毒患者（n = 1145）或院外死亡的成年急性中毒患者（n = 67）。在这1212例病例中，98.3%为自我中毒，年发病率为每1000名居民2.8例（‰），男性为3.1‰，女性为2.6‰。自我中毒患者中的主要毒物为乙醇（19.7%）、苯二氮䓬类药物（17.8%）、阿片类药物（14.9%）、抗精神病药物（10.4%）和抗抑郁药物（9.3%）。在58.9%的病例中，摄入了不止一种毒物。自我中毒患者中的滥用情况在男性中显著（p < 0.005）比女性更常见（64.2%对34.5%）。女性的自杀未遂率显著（p < 0.005）高于男性（20.2%对12.9%），女性的自杀未遂率随年龄增长而上升。然而，排除滥用者后，两性的自杀未遂率相似（27.6%对25.0%）。与参照人群相比，自我中毒在社会中下层和最低社会阶层最为常见。然而，这些社会阶层的患者自杀未遂率低于最高的两个社会阶层。总体死亡率为6.0%（n = 73），但所有死亡的91.8%发生在院外，这表明在研究自我中毒时纳入这些数据的重要性。
