Horowitz M J, Weiss D S, Kaltreider N, Krupnick J, Marmar C, Wilner N, DeWitt K
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1984 Jul;172(7):383-92. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198407000-00002.
The authors studied two groups of persons who had experienced either the death of a mother or father. One group consisted of patients who had sought treatment because of pathological aspects of bereavement. The other group consisted of volunteers selected from a review of hospital death records, which indicated the recent death of their parent. The study used a nonequivalent groups design, where both groups were followed over time. The field subjects were initially seen much sooner after the death than the patients. The patient group received a time-limited dynamic therapy focused on the stress response syndrome induced by the death. At the pretherapy evaluation point, the patient sample had significantly higher levels of symptomatic distress than did the nonpatient sample. The distress declined over a 13-month period, so that patients had comparable levels of distress to that of the field subjects. After adjusting for initial values, the main difference was that patients reduced their avoidant operations more than did the field subjects. Intervening variables were assessed for the prediction of change in symptoms over time as related to the parental death. The variables that showed significant correlations to symptomatic change were cumulative negative life events from varied sources, occupation, social class, developmental level of the self-concept, identity of the deceased parent, and attribution of blame for the death. Social support did not relate to change in symptoms over time.
作者研究了两组经历过母亲或父亲死亡的人。一组由因丧亲的病理方面而寻求治疗的患者组成。另一组由从医院死亡记录回顾中挑选出的志愿者组成，这些记录显示他们的父母最近去世。该研究采用了非等效组设计，两组都随时间进行跟踪。实地受试者在死亡后比患者更早接受观察。患者组接受了一种限时动态疗法，重点是由死亡引发的应激反应综合征。在治疗前评估点，患者样本的症状性痛苦水平明显高于非患者样本。这种痛苦在13个月的时间里有所下降，因此患者的痛苦水平与实地受试者相当。在对初始值进行调整后，主要差异在于患者比实地受试者更多地减少了回避行为。评估了干预变量，以预测与父母死亡相关的症状随时间的变化。与症状变化显示出显著相关性的变量包括来自不同来源的累积负面生活事件、职业、社会阶层、自我概念的发展水平、已故父母的身份以及对死亡的责任归因。社会支持与症状随时间的变化无关。
