Huhta J C, Hagler D J, Hill L M
J Reprod Med. 1984 Mar;29(3):162-7.
The fetal heart is visualized routinely during the antepartum ultrasound examination. Because of the advent of high-resolution, real-time ultrasound instruments, details of fetal cardiac anatomy can now be defined. Fifty consecutive fetuses were examined in utero to assess the ability of two-dimensional echocardiography to define intracardiac anatomy at various gestational ages. A complete examination required at least three standard echocardiographic views of the heart: four-chamber, short-axis and long-axis views. In 30 of the 50 fetuses studied (60%) only one examination was necessary to obtain this information. Ten patients had a second examination later in gestation that complemented the findings of their first study. In all but two fetuses, detection of all four cardiac chambers and at least one semilunar valve was possible. Mitral-semilunar valve continuity was detected in all. The quality of echocardiographic imaging was enhanced by the fetal occiput posterior position (three views obtained in 83% of the fetuses studied). Breech position did not affect imaging quality. Prior to 30 weeks of gestation, fetal movement hampered analysis of fetal cardiac anatomy in some patients.
在产前超声检查中可常规观察到胎儿心脏。由于高分辨率实时超声仪器的出现，现在能够明确胎儿心脏解剖结构的细节。对50例连续的胎儿进行宫内检查，以评估二维超声心动图在不同孕周定义心脏内解剖结构的能力。完整的检查至少需要心脏的三个标准超声心动图切面：四腔心切面、短轴切面和长轴切面。在研究的50例胎儿中，有30例（60%）仅需一次检查就能获得这些信息。10例患者在妊娠后期进行了第二次检查，补充了首次检查的结果。除两例胎儿外，所有胎儿均能检测到四个心腔和至少一个半月瓣。所有胎儿均检测到二尖瓣与半月瓣的连续性。胎儿枕后位提高了超声心动图成像质量（在83%的研究胎儿中获得了三个切面）。臀位不影响成像质量。在妊娠30周之前，胎儿活动在一些患者中妨碍了对胎儿心脏解剖结构的分析。
