Schorr D, Rodin J
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 May;46(5):1148-61. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.46.5.1148.
This study investigated whether people are motivated for control and considered both the dispositional and situational factors that affect this motivation. Thirty male and 30 female undergraduates, divided equally among individuals with obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and normal personality styles, were given different levels of information about how to exercise control in an effective manner. Motivation for control was assessed by performance on a task in which the level of performance determined whether a subject obtained control over an outcome. In addition, feelings of self-efficacy were measured. The hypothesis that people are motivated to have personal control was confirmed. Furthermore, this motivation for control could not be accounted for by the variance attributable to feelings of self-efficacy, that is, the expectancy of gaining a good outcome by having personal control. Although feelings of self-efficacy were influenced by the level of information provided to subjects, for most subjects, the motivation for control, per se, was not affected. In contrast, obsessive-compulsive males seemed to respond differently to the information manipulation from other subjects, being motivated for control only when a higher level of information was provided. The effects of depressive and obsessive-compulsive personality styles on the motivation for control were reconsidered.
本研究调查了人们是否有控制欲，并考虑了影响这种动机的性格和情境因素。30名男性和30名女性本科生，平均分为具有强迫、抑郁和正常人格类型的个体，他们被给予了不同程度的关于如何有效进行控制的信息。通过一项任务的表现来评估控制动机，在该任务中，表现水平决定了受试者是否能对结果进行控制。此外，还测量了自我效能感。人们有获得个人控制的动机这一假设得到了证实。此外，这种控制动机不能用自我效能感的差异来解释，即通过个人控制获得良好结果的期望。尽管自我效能感受到提供给受试者的信息水平的影响，但对大多数受试者来说，控制动机本身并未受到影响。相比之下，强迫型男性对信息操纵的反应似乎与其他受试者不同，只有在提供更高水平的信息时才有控制动机。重新考虑了抑郁和强迫型人格类型对控制动机的影响。
