Mori H, Ogawa S, Toyama M, Sano M, Tsugu T, Handa S, Nakamura Y
Jpn Heart J. 1984 Jan;25(1):45-54. doi: 10.1536/ihj.25.45.
Negative contrast echocardiograms of two-dimensional long axis view of the right ventricle and the atrium were compared with the results of cardiac catheterization and surgical findings in 33 adults with atrial septal defects. Contrast echocardiographic evidence of atrial communication was noted in 30 cases (91%), and, in 28 cases, the negative contrast during one cardiac cycle could be measured. This could be applied even in cases with a small left-to-right shunt or with Eisenmenger's syndrome. No obvious difference in the behavior of negative contrast was documented among the cases with distinct types of septal defects. The maximum negative contrast area and the duration of appearance in one cardiac cycle were related to the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio. However, a significant overlap and considerable effects of transducer angulation on measurements were documented. Thus, negative contrast echocardiography may be widely used for the noninvasive identification of a left-to-right shunt in atrial septal defects. However, the method is not appropriate for a precise quantification of three-dimensional shunt flow.
对33例房间隔缺损成人患者右心室和心房二维长轴观的负性对比超声心动图结果与心导管检查结果及手术发现进行了比较。30例（91%）观察到房间隔交通的对比超声心动图证据，28例可测量一个心动周期中的负性对比。这一方法甚至适用于存在小的左向右分流或艾森曼格综合征的病例。不同类型房间隔缺损病例的负性对比表现无明显差异。一个心动周期中最大负性对比面积及出现持续时间与肺循环与体循环血流量之比有关。然而，测量中存在显著重叠且换能器角度对测量有相当大的影响。因此，负性对比超声心动图可广泛用于房间隔缺损中左向右分流的无创识别。然而，该方法不适用于精确量化三维分流血量。
