Van Arsdalen K N
Urol Radiol. 1984;6(2):65-73. doi: 10.1007/BF02923705.
Urolithiasis involving the upper urinary tract is a multifactorial disease that remains a significant health problem. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence the incidence of disease in individuals and in all populations. At the level of the kidney, natural physicochemical processes result in crystalluria and the formation and growth of stones. Urinary supersaturation of some degree must be present but its significance may be altered by changes in urinary volume, pH, epitaxial relationships, and the presence or absence of naturally occurring inhibitors. A variety of environmental parameters acting through effects on the local urinary conditions determine which patients among a group of people inherently at risk will form stones. The above factors are considered herein with regard to the four major types of stone disease encountered today.
累及上尿路的尿石症是一种多因素疾病，仍然是一个重大的健康问题。多种内在和外在因素影响个体及所有人群中该病的发病率。在肾脏层面，自然的物理化学过程导致结晶尿以及结石的形成和生长。一定程度的尿液过饱和状态必须存在，但其重要性可能会因尿量、pH值、外延关系以及天然存在的抑制剂的有无等变化而改变。多种环境参数通过对局部尿液状况的影响，决定了一群固有患病风险的人群中哪些患者会形成结石。本文将就当今遇到的四种主要结石疾病类型对上述因素进行探讨。
