Aslanian N L, Babaian L A, Kurginian A G, Shukhian V M
Vopr Pitan. 1984 Mar-Apr(2):16-9.
A total of 150 inpatients were examined for the content of mineral substances (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) in the blood, daily diet and daily urine. In normal subjects, intake of liquid and the elements was found to slightly exceed their excretion with urine. In patients with stage IIA essential hypertension and circulatory failure, stage I-II, the excretion of the elements exceeded their intake, which was likely to be associated with intake of diuretics. In patients with coronary heart disease, potassium was eliminated in a greater amount and calcium in a less amount as compared with the amounts supplied with the diet. The most demonstrable retention of sodium was recorded in patients with stage III essential hypertension. These patients showed a certain elevation of sodium concentration and potassium lessening in red cells. In making up the diets for patients, it is desirable to consider the pattern of changes in the ratio of the amount of mineral substances supplied with food and excreted with urine, plasma and red cell concentrations of sodium and potassium (which are mainly excreted by the kidneys), as well as those of calcium and magnesium, but with a certain reservation, since the latter ones are excreted from the body via the gastrointestinal tract.
共对150名住院患者的血液、日常饮食和每日尿液中的矿物质（钠、钾、钙、镁）含量进行了检测。在正常受试者中，发现液体和元素的摄入量略超过其随尿液的排出量。在患有IIA期原发性高血压和循环衰竭（I-II期）的患者中，元素的排出量超过了摄入量，这可能与利尿剂的摄入有关。与饮食中提供的量相比，冠心病患者体内钾的排出量较多，钙的排出量较少。在III期原发性高血压患者中，钠的潴留最为明显。这些患者的红细胞中钠浓度有一定升高，钾含量减少。在为患者制定饮食时，最好考虑食物中供应的矿物质数量与随尿液排出的矿物质数量之比的变化模式、钠和钾（主要通过肾脏排出）的血浆和红细胞浓度，以及钙和镁的浓度变化模式，但需有一定保留，因为后两者是通过胃肠道排出体外的。
