Schneider N G, Jarvik M E, Forsythe A B
Addict Behav. 1984;9(2):149-56. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(84)90052-2.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine gum, withdrawal symptoms were systematically scaled for one week in 50 subjects. Baseline responses on withdrawal items were obtained for comparison to five days of smoking abstinence. Twenty-six subjects receiving nicotine gum and twenty-four subjects receiving placebo gum provided the withdrawal data. A withdrawal scale (SCS) was derived from smokers' complaints in previous abstinence attempts. Pulse rate changes were recorded. Carbon monoxide served to verify abstinence. Pulse rate dropped significantly during abstinence for the placebo vs. nicotine group. All subjects experienced significant increases in withdrawal over time. However, the placebo group reported significantly more severe withdrawal than the nicotine subjects. No sex differences in reported withdrawal were found. It was concluded that the appearance of withdrawal symptoms may be attributed, in part, to the removal of nicotine per se. Conversely, nicotine-specific symptoms may be alleviated with nicotine gum.
在一项尼古丁口香糖的双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，对50名受试者的戒断症状进行了为期一周的系统评分。获取了戒断项目的基线反应，以便与五天戒烟情况进行比较。26名接受尼古丁口香糖的受试者和24名接受安慰剂口香糖的受试者提供了戒断数据。戒断量表（SCS）源自吸烟者在之前戒烟尝试中的主诉。记录了脉搏率变化。一氧化碳用于验证戒烟情况。与尼古丁组相比，安慰剂组在戒烟期间脉搏率显著下降。所有受试者随着时间推移戒断症状均显著增加。然而，安慰剂组报告的戒断症状比尼古丁组严重得多。未发现报告的戒断症状存在性别差异。得出的结论是，戒断症状的出现可能部分归因于尼古丁本身的去除。相反，尼古丁特异性症状可用尼古丁口香糖缓解。
