Harlan W R, Hull A L, Schmouder R L, Landis J R, Thompson F E, Larkin F A
Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Jul;120(1):17-28. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113870.
To provide a contemporary profile of blood pressure and nutritional and sociodemographic relationships in the adult US population, data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES -I), 1971-1975, were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age, but trends were different by sex and race groups. Body mass index (weight/ height2 ) was the nutritional factor most strongly and consistently related to blood pressure. Among dietary constituents, alcohol consumption and calcium and phosphorus intake were the only variables having consistent and independent relationships to blood pressure. Sodium content of food and salt use had no relationship, and sodium/potassium food content had only an inconsistent association. Regarding serum nutritional measures, serum calcium was directly related and serum phosphorus was inversely related to blood pressure. Serum urate, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin were also independently related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were few important differences by race or sex in these correlates. These observations from a representative sample of the US population have useful implications for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
为了解美国成年人群血压与营养及社会人口学关系的当代概况，对1971 - 1975年首次全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES -I）的数据进行了分析。收缩压和舒张压随年龄增长而升高，但不同性别和种族群体的趋势有所不同。体重指数（体重/身高²）是与血压关系最密切且最稳定的营养因素。在饮食成分中，饮酒以及钙和磷的摄入量是仅有的与血压存在一致且独立关系的变量。食物的钠含量和食盐使用量与血压无关，食物钠/钾含量仅存在不一致的关联。关于血清营养指标，血清钙与血压直接相关，血清磷与血压呈负相关。血清尿酸、血清天冬氨酸转氨酶和血红蛋白也与收缩压和舒张压独立相关。在这些关联因素方面，种族或性别之间几乎没有重要差异。这些来自美国人群代表性样本的观察结果对高血压的预防和治疗具有有益的启示。
