Kwock R O, Keen C L, Hegenauer J, Saltman P, Hurley L S, Lönnerdal B
J Nutr. 1984 Aug;114(8):1454-61. doi: 10.1093/jn/114.8.1454.
Iron supplementation of infant formulas is recommended by most national and international organizations, but the optimal form of supplementation has not been determined. We have compared the bioavailability and tissue distribution of iron from four iron chelates and two commonly used iron salts. Weanling C57BL/6J mice were fed for 1 week an evaporated cow's milk diet supplemented with vitamins and minerals (except for iron). Following the adjustment period, mice were divided into 12 groups of 20 each. Six groups continued to receive the cow's milk diet for 18 hours, while the other six groups were fed a similar diet based on human milk. Individual groups received a single dose of milk radioactively labeled with Fe(II)Cl2, Fe(II)SO4, Fe(III)NTA, Fe(III)EDTA, Fe(III)citrate or Fe(III)lactobionate. Wholebody retention was measured after 4 days; animals were then killed and individual tissues were counted for radioactivity. Iron from FeCl2, FeSO4 and FeNTA were the best retained from both milk diets. Fe citrate had a significantly lower iron retention than all other groups in either diet and is probably not an effective chelate for delivering iron to milk diets. Iron bioavailability was higher from the human milk diets than from the cow's milk diets from all vehicles used except citrate and lactobionate. Absorption of Fe citrate was similar from the two milk diets, while percent retention from Fe lactobionate was higher from cow's milk than from human milk. Tissue distribution of retained iron was similar for the milk diets and among the groups, indicating that, once absorbed, iron from the different vehicles is metabolized in a similar manner.
大多数国家和国际组织都建议在婴儿配方奶粉中添加铁，但尚未确定最佳的添加形式。我们比较了四种铁螯合物和两种常用铁盐中铁的生物利用度和组织分布。将断乳的C57BL/6J小鼠用补充了维生素和矿物质（铁除外）的蒸发牛乳饮食喂养1周。在调整期之后，将小鼠分成12组，每组20只。六组继续接受牛乳饮食18小时，而另外六组则喂食基于人乳的类似饮食。各个组接受单剂量用Fe(II)Cl2、Fe(II)SO4、Fe(III)NTA、Fe(III)EDTA、Fe(III)柠檬酸盐或Fe(III)乳糖酸铁放射性标记的牛奶。4天后测量全身铁潴留；然后处死动物并对各个组织进行放射性计数。来自FeCl2、FeSO4和FeNTA的铁在两种牛奶饮食中保留得最好。在两种饮食中，柠檬酸铁的铁潴留均显著低于所有其他组，可能不是向牛奶饮食中输送铁的有效螯合物。除了柠檬酸盐和乳糖酸铁之外，在所有使用的载体中，人乳饮食中铁的生物利用度高于牛乳饮食。两种牛奶饮食中柠檬酸铁的吸收相似，而牛乳中乳糖酸铁的潴留百分比高于人乳。两种牛奶饮食中保留铁的组织分布相似，并且在各个组之间也相似，这表明一旦被吸收，来自不同载体的铁以相似的方式代谢。
