Gratzek J B, Reinert R
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1984 May;65:187-93.
Common stress factors in the laboratory aquarium can include extremes of pH, temperature, or other factors, such as the accumulation of intermediates of nitrification. Each aberration from optimal conditions has a direct physiological effect on fish that can cause death in a variety of ways. The stress effect in fish leading to infectious diseases is a common physiological manifestation of some common biochemical change, probably hormonal, which may compromise the immune system and lead to a decreased disease resistance and ultimately death. Minimization of stress by careful attention to basic fish culture practices is perhaps the best way one can ensure successful laboratory experiments.
实验室水族箱中常见的应激因素可能包括酸碱度、温度的极端变化，或其他因素，如硝化作用中间产物的积累。与最佳条件的每一次偏差都会对鱼类产生直接的生理影响，可能以多种方式导致死亡。鱼类因应激而引发传染病是某些常见生化变化（可能是激素变化）的常见生理表现，这可能会损害免疫系统，导致抗病能力下降并最终死亡。通过仔细关注基本的鱼类养殖方法来尽量减少应激，可能是确保实验室实验成功的最佳方法。
