Bouchat J C, Doizé F, Paquay R
Reprod Nutr Dev (1980). 1981;21(1):69-81. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19810106.
In order to study changes in blood composition during feeding and prolonged fasting, six adult Suffolk ewes received three different diets during three periods of four weeks. Two intake levels (one and three times maintenance) and two roughage/concentrate ratios (100 and 14 p. 100 roughage) were compared according to a twofold latin square. Afterwards the animals were fasted for an 11-day period. The concentration of free fatty acids in the blood decreased when concentrate was added to the diet and when energy intake level, insufficient to meet maintenance requirements, was increased to just sufficient and then to excessive. Blood lipid and lipoprotein composition was not influenced by a change in diet. Supplying concentrate instead of roughage produced increases in the proportions of stearic acid in the triglycerides and free fatty acids and of linoleic acid in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters and decreases in the proportions of oleic acid in the free fatty acids and of oleic and palmitic acids in the triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. When increasing intake level, the proportion of linoleic acid in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was further increased. Increased insulinemia was also observed with concentrate intake, particularly when the concentrate was fed ad libitum. Differences in blood composition resulting from the dietary treatments rapidly disappeared with fasting. After an initial decrease, blood ketone bodies increased and the beta-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate (BHB/AA) ratio decreased. Glycemia decreased initially and then stabilized; the concentration of free fatty acids increased from the first day onwards and the proportion of free fatty acids in total blood lipids also increased. An increased proportion of oleic acid in the free fatty acids and triglycerides was compensated for by a decrease of saturated acids. A decrease in the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was balanced by increased levels of saturated and oleic acids. The high density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein ratio (HDL/LDL) decreased and insulinemia showed a strong decrease during the first day. Blood composition seemed to stabilize after-5-6 days of fasting, except for the ketone bodies which increased again after 10 days of the fast and for glycemia which increased after 5-6 days of the fast. The influence of previous dietary treatment on changes in blood composition during fasting clearly depended on the body conformation of the animal. When animals showed similar body conformation, no differences in the blood changes were observed during fasting. But when lean and fat animals were compared, extensive differences were found in the blood composition after the food was removed.
为了研究采食和长期禁食期间血液成分的变化，6只成年萨福克母羊在三个为期四周的阶段接受了三种不同的日粮。根据二倍拉丁方比较了两种采食量水平（维持量的1倍和3倍）和两种粗饲料/精饲料比例（100:0和14:86粗饲料）。之后，动物禁食11天。当向日粮中添加精饲料以及当能量摄入量从不足以满足维持需要增加到刚好足够然后过度时，血液中游离脂肪酸的浓度降低。日粮变化未影响血脂和脂蛋白组成。用精饲料替代粗饲料会使甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸中硬脂酸的比例以及磷脂和胆固醇酯中亚油酸的比例增加，而游离脂肪酸中油酸的比例以及甘油三酯和胆固醇酯中油酸和棕榈酸的比例降低。当增加采食量水平时，磷脂和胆固醇酯中亚油酸的比例会进一步增加。采食精饲料时还观察到胰岛素血症增加，尤其是随意采食精饲料时。日粮处理导致的血液成分差异在禁食后迅速消失。最初下降后，血液酮体增加，β-羟基丁酸酯/乙酰乙酸酯（BHB/AA）比值降低。血糖最初下降然后稳定；游离脂肪酸浓度从第一天起增加，游离脂肪酸在总血脂中的比例也增加。游离脂肪酸和甘油三酯中油酸比例的增加被饱和脂肪酸比例的降低所补偿。磷脂和胆固醇酯中多不饱和脂肪酸水平的降低被饱和脂肪酸和油酸水平的增加所平衡。高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白比值（HDL/LDL）降低，胰岛素血症在第一天显著降低。禁食5-6天后血液成分似乎稳定下来，但酮体在禁食10天后再次增加，血糖在禁食5-6天后增加。先前日粮处理对禁食期间血液成分变化的影响显然取决于动物的体型。当动物体型相似时，禁食期间血液变化未观察到差异。但当比较瘦羊和肥羊时，禁食后血液成分存在广泛差异。
