Brace C L, Nagai M
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1982 Dec;59(4):399-411. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330590410.
Mesial-distal and buccal-lingual crown measurements were made on male and female samples of recent Japanese teeth from three locations, Fukuoka, Kyoto, and Tokyo, and for Hokkaido Ainu and Koreans. Similar data were collected for prehistoric Middle-to-Late Jomon Japanese and from Yayoi specimens representing the first agriculturalists to appear in Japan. From a tooth-by-tooth comparison of cross-sectional areas, it was shown that the modern Japanese samples did not differ from one part of Japan to another. Korean tooth size also is not significantly different from Japanese, while Ainu have the smallest teeth recorded in Asia. The Yayoi who brought rice to Japan about 300 B.C. came in with teeth that were the same size as Chinese Neolithic teeth. They encountered a resident Jomon population whose teeth were 10% smaller. From tooth size measures alone, it is most economical to suggest that, if the rates of reduction observed elsewhere in the world applied in Japan, the recent Ainu would best be regarded as the direct descendants of the Jomon, while the modern Japanese are the results of in situ reduction from the incoming Yayoi. Other aspects of craniofacial morphology suggest that some Jomon was incorporated by the Yayoi. The modern Japanese, then, while predominantly derived from the Yayoi, would include a Jomon component.
对来自日本三个地区（福冈、京都和东京）以及北海道阿伊努族和韩国人的近代日本人牙齿的男性和女性样本，进行了近远中向和颊舌向牙冠测量。还收集了日本史前绳文时代中晚期以及代表日本最早出现的农耕者的弥生时代样本的类似数据。通过对牙齿横截面积的逐颗比较表明，现代日本人的样本在日本不同地区之间没有差异。韩国人的牙齿大小与日本人也没有显著差异，而阿伊努族拥有亚洲记录中最小的牙齿。大约在公元前300年将水稻引入日本的弥生人，其牙齿大小与中国新石器时代人的牙齿相同。他们遇到了当地绳文时代的人群，其牙齿要小10%。仅从牙齿大小测量来看，最合理的推测是，如果世界其他地方观察到的缩小率适用于日本，那么近代阿伊努族最好被视为绳文人的直接后裔，而现代日本人则是外来弥生人原地缩小的结果。颅面形态学的其他方面表明，一些绳文人被弥生人同化了。那么，现代日本人虽然主要源自弥生人，但也会包含绳文成分。
