Saacke R G
J Anim Sci. 1982;55 Suppl 2:1-13.
The goal of research in laboratory evaluation of semen has been to ultimately predict the fertility achievable with use of that semen. Historically, problems deterring realization of this goal include pitfalls in experimental approach as well as a lack of basic understanding of biological mechanisms important to the relationship between semen quality and fertility. The relationship between semen quality and fertility has been masked by poor repeatability of many laboratory tests of semen quality, inability to accurately measure fertility and insufficient variation in fertility over which relationships have been studied. Some biological limitations include a lack of understanding of the interaction of semen quality and quantity on fertility, the effect of the female reproductive tract on selective sperm transport and sperm retention and the influence of spermatozoal traits on fertilization of the ovum and sustenance of embryonic development. A case is presented for the use of heterospermic insemination (competitive fertilization) experiments to more clearly identify components of semen quality important to fertility by reducing or eliminating many factors that mask this relationship. Also, areas of future research important to the evaluation of semen quality and fertility are discussed.
精液实验室评估研究的目标一直是最终预测使用该精液可实现的生育能力。从历史上看，阻碍这一目标实现的问题包括实验方法中的陷阱，以及对精液质量与生育能力之间关系至关重要的生物学机制缺乏基本了解。精液质量与生育能力之间的关系被许多精液质量实验室检测的可重复性差、无法准确测量生育能力以及所研究关系中生育能力的变化不足所掩盖。一些生物学限制包括对精液质量和数量对生育能力的相互作用缺乏了解、雌性生殖道对精子选择性运输和保留的影响以及精子特征对卵子受精和胚胎发育维持的影响。本文提出了使用异种授精（竞争性受精）实验的案例，通过减少或消除许多掩盖这种关系的因素，更清楚地确定对生育能力重要的精液质量成分。此外，还讨论了对精液质量和生育能力评估至关重要的未来研究领域。
