Ralls P W, Esensten M L, Boger D, Halls J M
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980 Mar;134(3):473-5. doi: 10.2214/ajr.134.3.473.
End-stage renal cystic disease and severe hydronephrosis may reveal similar ultrasonographic findings. A "blind analysis" of 13 cases selected on the basis of smiliar extensive end-stage disease (little or no renal parenchyma visualized) was performed. The identification of a dilated renal pelvis was the most reliable ultrasonographic indicator of hydronephrosis. If the renal pelvis cannot be identified, renal cystic disease is the most likely diagnosis. All eight cases of hydronephrosis were correctly identified in this fashion. Four of five cases of severe cystic disease were correctly diagnosed. In one patient a peripelvic cyst was incorrectly interpreted as a dilated renal pelvis leading to the incorrect diagnosis of hydronephrosis. There may be ancillary signs that may help distinguish severe hydronephrosis from severe renal cystic disease. If these signs are not present, the only reliable criterion is whether the renal pelvis is dilated on careful examination of the renal sinus.
终末期肾囊性疾病和严重肾积水可能显示相似的超声检查结果。对13例基于类似广泛终末期疾病（几乎看不到或看不到肾实质）选择的病例进行了“盲法分析”。肾盂扩张的识别是肾积水最可靠的超声指标。如果无法识别肾盂，则最可能的诊断是肾囊性疾病。以这种方式正确识别了所有8例肾积水病例。5例严重囊性疾病病例中有4例被正确诊断。1例患者的肾盂旁囊肿被错误地解释为扩张的肾盂，导致肾积水的错误诊断。可能有一些辅助征象有助于区分严重肾积水和严重肾囊性疾病。如果不存在这些征象，唯一可靠的标准是在仔细检查肾窦时肾盂是否扩张。
