Chandebois R
Acta Biotheor. 1980;29(1):1-35. doi: 10.1007/BF00045880.
The principles of automation (automatism and programming) in the unfolding of spatiotemporal patterns during animal development are deduced from experimental data reconsidered from the point of view of cell sociology. The developmental programme in the egg is not part of the genetic information but a part of the cytoplasmic information. Throughout development cells store extra-cellular information released by their neighbours in the form of cytoplasmic information. Successive determinations cannot be considered as successive reprogrammings of cells: each one consists of a selection of one specific programme from the total information previously stored. This programme specifies cell interactions in the determined population as a whole; it is very imprecise and is progressively completed during the course of further differentiation by information released by neighbouring cell populations. Complicated patterns may emerge from only two homogeneous populations involved in distinct differentiation pathways and confronting each other. Consequently the "egg developmental programme" provides gene effectors and specific physico-chemical conditions necessary for the staring of at least two distinct differentation pathways. Experimental data suggest that there are two components in this programme. One is a molecular machinery which starts at fertilization in the whole cytoplasm. It yields two programmes of differentiation, typically first an endodermal and then an ectodermal one. The other component of the egg developmental programme, which does not require specific information, allows the interception of the first (endodermal) programme. The application of informatics to developmental automatism is discussed in the latter part of the paper.
从细胞社会学角度重新审视实验数据，推导得出动物发育过程中时空模式展开的自动化原理（自动性和编程）。卵中的发育程序并非遗传信息的一部分，而是细胞质信息的一部分。在整个发育过程中，细胞以细胞质信息的形式存储其邻居释放的细胞外信息。连续的决定不能被视为细胞的连续重新编程：每一个决定都包括从先前存储的全部信息中选择一个特定程序。这个程序规定了整个已决定群体中的细胞相互作用；它非常不精确，并在进一步分化过程中通过相邻细胞群体释放的信息逐渐完善。复杂的模式可能仅由参与不同分化途径并相互对峙的两个同质群体产生。因此，“卵发育程序”提供了启动至少两条不同分化途径所需的基因效应物和特定的物理化学条件。实验数据表明，该程序有两个组成部分。一个是分子机制，它在整个细胞质中受精时启动。它产生两个分化程序，通常首先是内胚层程序，然后是外胚层程序。卵发育程序的另一个组成部分不需要特定信息，它允许拦截第一个（内胚层）程序。本文后半部分讨论了信息学在发育自动化中的应用。
