Hug P, Kugler J, Zimmermann W, Laub M, Doenicke A
Anaesthesist. 1978 Jun;27(6):280-6.
After administration of fentanyl, 0.15 mg naloxone or levallorphan or placebo were given several times and in increased doses and at same intervals of time to six volunteers. The experiment has been done after the rules of a double blind study. Naloxone has shown its superiority to levallorphan. The study demonstrated a faster and better action of naloxone in the way of a return to initial conditions of respiratory frequency, blood gases, and EEG. The concentration and attention faculties after naloxone have become clearly better in contrary to the results after levallorphan. At the end of an anaesthetic procedure, the greatest care should be given to the patient. First of all effective antagonism of the respiratory depression should be obtained without concomitant sedative and psychomimetic effects. The use of antagonists with agonist properties to reverse respiratory depression due to a morphinomimetic drug is not justified and so naloxone should supplant levallorphan.
给6名志愿者注射芬太尼后，多次给予0.15毫克纳洛酮、左洛啡烷或安慰剂，且剂量递增，给药时间间隔相同。该实验按照双盲研究规则进行。结果显示，纳洛酮优于左洛啡烷。该研究表明，纳洛酮能更快、更好地使呼吸频率、血气和脑电图恢复到初始状态。与左洛啡烷的结果相反，使用纳洛酮后，注意力和专注力明显改善。在麻醉过程结束时，应给予患者最大程度的护理。首先，应有效拮抗呼吸抑制，且不能伴有镇静和拟精神作用。使用具有激动剂特性的拮抗剂来逆转吗啡样药物引起的呼吸抑制是不合理的，因此纳洛酮应取代左洛啡烷。
