Osborn A G
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1981 Jan;136(1):139-43. doi: 10.2214/ajr.136.1.139.
Venous drainage patterns at the craniocervical junction and skull base have been thoroughly described in the radiographic literature. The facial veins and their important anastomoses with the intracranial venous system are less well appreciated. This study of 54 consecutive normal cerebral angiograms demonstrates that visualization of the pterygoid plexus as well as the anterior facial, lingual, submental, and ophthalmic veins can be normal on common carotid angiograms. In contrast to previous reports, opacification of ophthalmic or orbital veins occurs in most normal internal carotid arteriograms. Visualization of the anterior facial vein at internal carotid angiography can also be normal if the extraocular branches of the ophthalmic artery are prominent and nasal vascularity is marked.
颅颈交界区和颅底的静脉引流模式在放射学文献中已有详尽描述。面静脉及其与颅内静脉系统的重要吻合则较少受到关注。这项对54例连续正常脑动脉造影的研究表明，在颈总动脉造影中，翼静脉丛以及面前静脉、舌静脉、颏下静脉和眼静脉的显影可以是正常的。与先前的报道相反，在大多数正常的颈内动脉造影片中可见眼静脉或眶静脉显影。如果眼动脉的眼外分支突出且鼻侧血管丰富，颈内动脉造影时面前静脉的显影也可以是正常的。
