Harris P, Gloster J A, Ward B J
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1980 Jun;73(6):593-8.
Fatty acids are taken up by the myocardium in the unesterified form, either directly from the unbound pool of free fatty acids in the plasma or following release from plasma triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase. They pass extremely rapidly into the cardiac cells, where their distribution is determined by a number of physical and biochemical factors. For the intracellular spaces these factors are essentially physical and depend on gradients of concentration of unbound fatty acids and on the concentration and affinity of protein binding sites. In the cytoplasm of the myocardial cell, myoglobin seems to play a specific carrier role. Passage of fatty acids across cell membranes depends on their chemical forms and, largely, on the degree of solubility of these forms in the lipid layer of the membranes. In addition, there may be specific transport systems, such as is mediated by carnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Finally, the mass movement on fatty acids through the cells depends on the rate at which they are removed by oxidation or esterification. Under normal conditions, these various factors lead to a rapid movement of fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are oxidised and a more gradual esterification into complex lipids.
脂肪酸以未酯化的形式被心肌摄取，要么直接来自血浆中游离脂肪酸的未结合池，要么在脂蛋白脂肪酶作用下从血浆甘油三酯释放后被摄取。它们极其迅速地进入心脏细胞，在细胞内其分布由多种物理和生化因素决定。对于细胞内空间而言，这些因素本质上是物理性的，取决于未结合脂肪酸的浓度梯度以及蛋白质结合位点的浓度和亲和力。在心肌细胞的细胞质中，肌红蛋白似乎发挥着特定的载体作用。脂肪酸穿过细胞膜取决于其化学形式，并且在很大程度上取决于这些形式在细胞膜脂质层中的溶解度。此外，可能存在特定的转运系统，比如线粒体内膜中肉碱介导的转运系统。最后，脂肪酸在细胞内的大量移动取决于它们通过氧化或酯化被清除的速率。在正常情况下，这些不同因素导致脂肪酸迅速进入线粒体并在其中被氧化，以及更缓慢地酯化为复合脂质。
