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The Johns Hopkins Pain Research and Treatment Program is based upon individual diagnosis, psychiatric evaluation, and individualized therapy. This is done within the framework of a concurrent program involving neurosurgeons, consulting physicians, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, social workers and specialized nurses. The basic theme is self-help and self-responsibility. Drug withdrawal is mandatory, and an emphasis is placed upon psychotherapeutic techniques. Pain relieving procedures are available and utilized in a small number of patients.
约翰霍普金斯疼痛研究与治疗项目基于个体诊断、精神评估和个性化治疗。这是在一个由神经外科医生、会诊医生、精神科医生、临床心理学家、社会工作者和专业护士参与的并行项目框架内完成的。其基本主题是自助和自我责任。强制戒毒，并强调心理治疗技术。少数患者可采用并使用止痛程序。
