Mooney G H
Br J Radiol. 1981 Oct;54(646):861-5. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-54-646-861.
This paper, which is an amended version of a talk given to The British Institute of Radiology at a meeting on "Dosimetry and Risks to Patients in Radiopharmaceutical Investigations", picks up the ICRP's concept of detriment and places it firmly in the framework whence it came, viz. cost-benefit analysis. It explains cost-benefit analysis (distinguishing it from cost-effectiveness analysis) and suggests various ways of trying to place a value on human life in order to use cost-benefit analysis as a practical tool of decision-making in policy areas where at least part of the benefit is to be measured in terms of lives saved. The paper suggests that it is important to decide not only who is to value life but also whose perception of risk of death are to be deemed relevant. A practical example in the use of life values is presented for the case of mammography in breast cancer screening.
本文是在“放射性药物检查中的剂量测定与患者风险”会议上向英国放射学会所做演讲的修订版，它重拾了国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）的损害概念，并将其稳固地置于其起源的框架之中，即成本效益分析。文中解释了成本效益分析（将其与成本效果分析区分开来），并提出了多种尝试给人类生命赋予价值的方法，以便将成本效益分析用作政策领域决策的实用工具，在这些领域中，至少部分益处是以挽救的生命数量来衡量的。本文指出，重要的不仅是要决定谁来评估生命价值，还要决定谁对死亡风险的认知应被视为相关。文中给出了一个在乳腺癌筛查中使用生命价值的实际例子。
