Boller F, Vrtunski P B, Kim Y, Mack J L
Cortex. 1978 Jun;14(2):212-26. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(78)80047-1.
The effect of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) was evaluated in three groups of subjects: 10 normal controls, 10 non-fluent aphasics, and 10 fluent aphasics. Speec production tasks consisted of (1) repeating sound and words; (2) naming objects; (3) producing sentences from given stimulus words; (4) answering questions; (5) reciting nursery rhymes; and (6) reading. Two delays were used, 180 and 360 msec. Two independent judges rated patients' responses for changes in intensity, duration, and quality of speech. Inter-judge reliability was considered satisfactory. Contrary to some previous reports, all subjects, including all the fluent aphasics, showed some DAF effect. Fluent aphasics, however, showed a significantly smaller DAF effect than non-fluent aphasics. Patient with conduction aphasia appeared to be the least impaired. Overall DAF effect was greater with 180 msec. than with 360 msec. The largest DAF effect occurred during answering question, followed by repeating, reading, nursery rhymes, sentence production, and naming, in that order. Repetition of a complex word produced a greater DAF effect than repetition of a simple sound. Finally, we found a differential effect of DAF on the three measures used in the study. We hypothesize that DAF effects result from changes in two separate monitoring systems. One systems is related to changes in the intensity of speech and does not appear to be affected by aphasia. The other is responsible for duration and qualitative changes in speech and is differentially affected in relation to pathology producing aphasia.
在三组受试者中评估了延迟听觉反馈（DAF）的效果：10名正常对照者、10名非流畅性失语症患者和10名流畅性失语症患者。言语产生任务包括：（1）重复声音和单词；（2）命名物体；（3）根据给定的刺激词生成句子；（4）回答问题；（5）背诵童谣；以及（6）阅读。使用了两种延迟，即180毫秒和360毫秒。两名独立的评判员对患者的反应在言语强度、持续时间和质量方面的变化进行评分。评判员之间的可靠性被认为是令人满意的。与之前的一些报道相反，所有受试者，包括所有流畅性失语症患者，都表现出一定的DAF效应。然而，流畅性失语症患者表现出的DAF效应明显小于非流畅性失语症患者。传导性失语症患者似乎受损最小。总体而言，180毫秒时的DAF效应大于360毫秒时的。最大的DAF效应出现在回答问题时，其次依次是重复、阅读、童谣、句子生成和命名。复杂单词的重复比简单声音的重复产生的DAF效应更大。最后，我们发现DAF对研究中使用的三种测量方法有不同的影响。我们假设DAF效应是由两个独立的监测系统的变化引起的。一个系统与言语强度的变化有关，似乎不受失语症的影响。另一个系统负责言语的持续时间和质量变化，并且在与导致失语症的病理学相关方面受到不同的影响。
