Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and covalent binding of metabolites to protein in rat adrenal gland.

The metabolism of the carcinogenic and adrenocorticolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rat adrenals was investigated. Both 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene, which also is a well-known carcinogen but has no short-term effects on rat adrenals, appear to be metabolized by one common type of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies of the kinetic properties of this cytochrome P-450 reveal that the Km values for 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene are lower than 3 microM. Identification of metabolites indicates that, with both 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene, phenols and diols were formed the relative rates of formation of which were markedly influenced by the expoxide hydrase inhibitor cyclohexane oxide, suggesting that epoxides are intermediate metabolites. Added or endogenous microsomal glutathione S-transferase B had little or no effect on the distribution of metabolites. A rather selective binding of metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to soluble and microsomal proteins was demonstrated. The adrenal cytochrome P-450 involved in the conversion of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons appears to be unrelated to those responsible for the synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids from cholesterol. Among androgens and estrogens, estradiol proved to be the most inhibitory steroid, suggesting a role of the hydrocarbon-metabolizing cytochrome P-450 in estrogen biosynthesis. However, no such function could be demonstrated conclusively. The metabolite patterns and the effects of nonsteroid inhibitors of liver monooxygenases, e.g., alpha-naphthoflavone, SU 9055, and ellipticine, suggest that the properties of this cytochrome P-450 resemble those of the 3-methyl-cholanthrene-inducible cytochrome P-488 from rat liver.