联邦监管机构中的风险评估：对人类食用某些受多氯联苯（PCBs）污染鱼类相关风险的评估。
Risk assessment in a federal regulatory agency: an assessment of risk associated with the human consumption of some species of fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
作者信息
Cordle F, Locke R, Springer J
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:171-82. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8245171.
Abstract
The problem of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) became a national concern in 1971 when several accidental contaminations of foods were reported. Extensive efforts were undertaken by FDA to reduce the residues of PCBs in food. However, the PCB levels in several species of fresh-water fish have raised concern about the PCB residues from environmental contamination, and it is this concern which has prompted a reassessment of the human risk involved from consumption of such fish. The human epidemiology and animal toxicity of PCB exposure are reviewed, as well as risk assessment in general. Specific examples to risk assessment involving extrapolation of animal data to humans, based on several levels of human exposure to PCBs in fish, are presented.
摘要
1971年，多氯联苯（PCBs）问题引起了全国关注，当时有几起食品意外污染事件被报道。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）做出了广泛努力，以降低食品中多氯联苯的残留量。然而，几种淡水鱼体内的多氯联苯含量引发了人们对环境污染导致的多氯联苯残留的担忧，正是这种担忧促使人们重新评估食用此类鱼类对人类造成的风险。本文综述了多氯联苯暴露的人类流行病学和动物毒性，以及一般的风险评估。文中还给出了风险评估的具体例子，这些例子基于人类对鱼类中多氯联苯的几种暴露水平，涉及将动物数据外推至人类。
相似文献
1
Risk assessment in a federal regulatory agency: an assessment of risk associated with the human consumption of some species of fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).联邦监管机构中的风险评估：对人类食用某些受多氯联苯（PCBs）污染鱼类相关风险的评估。
Environ Health Perspect. 1982 Nov;45:171-82. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8245171.
2
Use of epidemiology and clinical toxicology to determine human risk in regulating polychlorinated biphenyls in the food supply.利用流行病学和临床毒理学确定食品供应中多氯联苯监管的人类风险。
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1983 Sep;3(3):252-74. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(83)90032-6.
3
A review of the Food and Drug Administration risk analysis for polychlorinated biphenyls in fish.食品药品监督管理局对鱼类中多氯联苯的风险分析综述。
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1984 Jun;4(2):192-219. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(84)90040-0.
4
Polychlorinated biphenyl residues in foods from a contaminated region of Yugoslavia.来自南斯拉夫一个受污染地区的食品中的多氯联苯残留
Food Addit Contam. 1991 Jul-Aug;8(4):505-12. doi: 10.1080/02652039109374002.
5
Polychlorobiphenyls in freshwater fish: a new strategy to set maximum contamination limits.淡水鱼中的多氯联苯：设定最大污染限值的新策略。
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2017 Feb;34(2):241-247. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1263879. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
6
Indicator PCBs in farmed and wild fish in Greece - Risk assessment for the Greek population.希腊养殖和野生鱼类中的指示性多氯联苯 - 对希腊人口的风险评估。
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 May;127:260-269. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.027. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
7
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in San Francisco Bay.旧金山湾的多氯联苯
Environ Res. 2007 Sep;105(1):67-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.013. Epub 2007 Apr 23.
8
The Belgian PCB/dioxin incident: analysis of the food chain contamination and health risk evaluation.比利时多氯联苯/二噁英事件：食物链污染分析与健康风险评估
Environ Res. 2002 Jan;88(1):1-18. doi: 10.1006/enrs.2001.4274.
9
Prenatal PCB exposure and neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) performance.产前多氯联苯暴露与新生儿行为评估量表（NBAS）表现。
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000 Jan-Feb;22(1):21-9. doi: 10.1016/s0892-0362(99)00056-2.
10
Occurrence of dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in wild, farmed and processed fish, and shellfish.野生、养殖及加工鱼类和贝类中二噁英（多氯二苯并对二噁英、多氯二苯并呋喃）和多氯联苯的存在情况。
Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill. 2009;2(1):15-20. doi: 10.1080/02652030802654479.
引用本文的文献
1
Property of cytochrome P450 1A inducibility by polychlorinated/brominated biphenyls (Co-PXBs) detected in Japanese breast milk.在日本母乳中检测到的多氯/溴代联苯（共多氯联苯）对细胞色素P450 1A的诱导特性。
Toxicol Rep. 2015 May 11;2:685-691. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.006. eCollection 2015.
2
Individual characteristics associated with PBDE levels in U.S. human milk samples.与美国母乳样本中 PBDE 水平相关的个体特征。
Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Jan;118(1):155-60. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0900759.
3
Backward estimation of exposure to organochlorines using repeated measurements.使用重复测量对有机氯暴露进行反向估计。
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 May;112(6):710-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6761.
4
Decreased sex ratio following maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Great Lakes sport-caught fish: a retrospective cohort study.母亲接触受污染的五大湖捕捞的运动型鱼类中的多氯联苯后性别比例下降：一项回顾性队列研究。
Environ Health. 2003 Mar 12;2(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1476-069x-2-2.
5
Immunotoxicity of PCBs (Aroclors) in relation to Great Lakes.多氯联苯（氯丹）对五大湖的免疫毒性。
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Dec;103 Suppl 9(Suppl 9):35-46. doi: 10.1289/ehp.95103s935.
6
Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), p,p'-DDE and hexachlorobenzene in human milk in three areas of upstate New York.纽约州北部三个地区人乳中的多氯联苯同系物（PCBs）、p,p'-滴滴伊和六氯苯。
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1985 Jul;14(4):443-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01055530.
7
Toxic effects in C57B1/6 and DBA/2 mice following consumption of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated Great Lakes coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum).C57B1/6和DBA/2小鼠食用受卤代芳烃污染的五大湖银大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum）后的毒性作用。
Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Nov;75:153-8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8775153.
8
Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal adipose tissue, blood, milk, and cord blood from mothers and their infants living in Norway.挪威母亲及其婴儿的母体脂肪组织、血液、乳汁和脐带血中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯。
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1988 Jan;17(1):55-63. doi: 10.1007/BF01055154.
9
Polychlorobiphenyl congeners, p,p'-DDE, and sperm function in humans.多氯联苯同系物、p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯与人类精子功能
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1986 Jul;15(4):333-41. doi: 10.1007/BF01066399.
10
Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in blood of Wisconsin sport fish consumers.威斯康星州食用游钓鱼类者血液中的多氯联苯同系物。
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Jan;20(1):56-60. doi: 10.1007/BF01065328.
本文引用的文献
1
Dermatitis from Synthetic Resins and Waxes.合成树脂和蜡引起的皮炎
Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1936 Jun;26(6):586-92. doi: 10.2105/ajph.26.6.586.
2
Contamination of the Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine area with Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Terphenyls, Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins, and Dibenzofurans.芬迪湾 - 缅因湾地区受到多氯联苯、多氯三联苯、氯代二苯并二恶英和二苯并呋喃的污染。
Environ Health Perspect. 1972 Apr;1:47-50. doi: 10.1289/ehp.720147.
3
Induction of adenofibrosis and hepatomas of the liver in BALB-cJ mice by polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254).多氯联苯（Aroclor 1254）诱导BALB-cJ小鼠发生肝脏腺纤维瘤和肝癌。
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1974 Aug;53(2):547-52. doi: 10.1093/jnci/53.2.547.
4
The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on rat reproduction.多氯联苯对大鼠生殖的影响。
Food Cosmet Toxicol. 1974 Feb;12(1):63-77. doi: 10.1016/0015-6264(74)90322-8.
5
Tissue modifications in monkeys as related to absorption, distribution, and excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls.与多氯联苯的吸收、分布和排泄相关的猴子组织变化
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1974 Mar;2(1):86-95. doi: 10.1007/BF01985803.
6
The toxicity of polychlorinated polycyclic compounds and related chemicals.多氯多环化合物及相关化学品的毒性。
CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1974 Jan;2(4):445-98. doi: 10.3109/10408447309025705.
7
[Dibenzofurans in Kanechlors].[多氯联苯中的二苯并呋喃]
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1975 Apr;30(1):126.
8
Fundamental carcinogenic processes and their implications for low dose risk assessment.基本致癌过程及其对低剂量风险评估的影响。
Cancer Res. 1976 Sep;36(9 pt.1):2973-9.
9
10
Uncertainty estimates for low-dose-rate extrapolations of animal carcinogenicity data.动物致癌性数据低剂量率外推的不确定性估计
Cancer Res. 1977 Oct;37(10):3475-83.
Zotero 插件