Lourenço R V, Cotromanes E
Arch Intern Med. 1982 Dec;142(13):2299-308. doi: 10.1001/archinte.142.13.2299.
The current uses of clinical aerosols such as water, saline, mucolytics, bronchodilators, cromolyn sodium, corticosteroids, and antimicrobials have been reviewed. The benefits of water, saline, and detergent aerosols continue to be surrounded by uncertainty and controversy. Aerosolized mucolytic and proteolytic agents have not been conclusively shown to be of substantial value in the improvement of respiratory disorders. Favorable bronchodilator therapy is achieved with aerosols of certain sympathomimetic and anticholinergic agents. However, successful therapy depends on the dose administered and the site of aerosol deposition in the lung. The prophylactic use of cromolyn sodium in patients with asthma is another useful application of aerosols. Topically active corticosteroid aerosols are increasingly being used since they may reduce risks of systemic effects from corticosteroids. Research on uncommonly aerosolized agents has widened the spectrum of therapeutic applications of aerosols.
本文综述了目前临床气雾剂如纯水、生理盐水、黏液溶解剂、支气管扩张剂、色甘酸钠、皮质类固醇和抗菌药物的应用情况。纯水、生理盐水和洗涤剂气雾剂的益处仍存在不确定性和争议。雾化黏液溶解剂和蛋白水解剂在改善呼吸系统疾病方面尚未被确凿证明具有重大价值。某些拟交感神经药和抗胆碱能药的气雾剂可实现良好的支气管扩张治疗效果。然而，成功的治疗取决于给药剂量和气雾剂在肺部的沉积部位。色甘酸钠在哮喘患者中的预防性应用是气雾剂的另一项有益用途。局部活性皮质类固醇气雾剂的使用越来越多，因为它们可能降低皮质类固醇的全身效应风险。对不常用雾化药物的研究拓宽了气雾剂的治疗应用范围。
