Littleton J M, Fenn C G, Umney N D, Yazdanbakhsh M
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1982 Fall;6(4):512-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05015.x.
When ethanol is administered to rats chronically by inhalation for 5-7 days to produce a final ethanol concentration in plasma of about 50 mM platelet aggregation in vitro to collagen is markedly inhibited. Platelet aggregation to ADP is relatively unaffected and there is no evidence of thrombocytopenia or morphological change in platelets on scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The changed sensitivity to collagen is not simply due to the presence of ethanol in plasma during the in vitro tests because in vitro addition of a similar concentration of ethanol produces a much smaller inhibition of platelet aggregation to collagen in platelet-rich plasma from control animals. The acute or subacute administration of ethanol either by injection (3 g/kg-1 intraperitoneally) or by inhalation (4-6 h) produced very variable results, platelets from some animals being inhibited with respect to collagen as much as those from animals chronically exposed to ethanol, whereas other showed no inhibition other than that attributable to the presence of ethanol in plasma. When ethanol was administered chronically by inhalation for 30 days, thrombocytopenia was apparent and platelets from these animals were unresponsive to all aggregating agents tested. It is concluded that even relatively short periods of ethanol intake may lead to significant inhibition of platelet function, specifically aggregation to collagen. This may be of relevance to the suggested protective effect of ethanol intake in cardiovascular disease.
当通过吸入法对大鼠进行为期5 - 7天的慢性乙醇给药，以使血浆中最终乙醇浓度达到约50 mM时，体外血小板对胶原蛋白的聚集会受到显著抑制。血小板对ADP的聚集相对未受影响，并且在扫描和透射电子显微镜下，没有血小板减少或血小板形态变化的证据。对胶原蛋白敏感性的改变并非仅仅由于体外测试期间血浆中存在乙醇，因为在体外向来自对照动物的富含血小板血浆中添加相似浓度的乙醇，对血小板与胶原蛋白的聚集产生的抑制作用要小得多。通过注射（腹腔内注射3 g/kg-1）或吸入（4 - 6小时）进行乙醇的急性或亚急性给药，产生的结果差异很大，一些动物的血小板对胶原蛋白的抑制程度与长期接触乙醇的动物相同，而其他动物除了血浆中乙醇的存在所导致的抑制作用外，没有表现出其他抑制作用。当通过吸入法对大鼠进行为期30天的慢性乙醇给药时，血小板减少明显，并且这些动物的血小板对所有测试的聚集剂均无反应。得出的结论是，即使相对较短时间的乙醇摄入也可能导致血小板功能的显著抑制，特别是对胶原蛋白的聚集。这可能与乙醇摄入对心血管疾病的保护作用有关。
