Increased endocytosis with lysosomal activation in skeletal muscle of dystrophic mouse.

Endocytosis in dystrophic muscles was studied by a combination of biochemical, radiochemical, and light and electron microscopic techniques. It was observed that the uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3H-Inulin in vitro was increased in leg skeletal muscles from dystrophic mice compared with littermate controls. Endocytosis of HRP in vivo was also increased in dystrophic muscles. When HRP was administered intravenously, light microscopic examination of the muscles showed that the macromolecular tracer was present not only in the extracellular space but also as intracellular deposits in several dystropic muscle fibers. Ultrastructural examination of these fibers showed HRP to be present in membrane limited bodies of variable size, some of which likely represented secondary lysosomes, located preferentially close to the A-I junction. HRP was also found inside vacuoles which were sometimes in close vicinity to autophagic vacuoles. Primary uptake vesicles containing HRP appeared to originate from the sarcolemma and the transverse tubules. Biochemical determination of lysosomal enzyme activities revealed elevated levels of both cathepsin D and N-acetylglucosaminidase in dystrophic muscles as compared with controls. The results suggest an increased endocytic activity in dystrophic muscles with distribution of exogenous marcromolecular tracers into endocytic vesicles and lysosomal structures. The hypothesis is put forward that endocytic activity constitutes an important mechanism of lysosomal activation in dystrophic muscles.