Tanabe Y, Yano T, Nakamura T
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1983 Jan;49(1):144-53. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(83)90018-7.
To elucidate the relationship between steroidogenesis and sex differentiation or sexual development in the birds, plasma LH, testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol, testicular and ovarian testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone, and adrenal corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations from 15- to 26-day-old embryonic and 1- to 14-day-old postembryonic male and female ducks were determined by radioimmunoassays. Plasma LH level was high in embryos and decreased after hatching in both sexes. Both plasma testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were statistically higher in female embryos than in male embryos, while sex differences were not observed in plasma progesterone, corticosterone, or cortisol concentrations. Both plasma corticosterone and cortisol reached a peak at hatching, and decreased thereafter. Testicular and ovarian testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, or progesterone was much higher in female embryos than in male embryos. Adrenal corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations reached a peak 1 day after hatching, and decreased thereafter in both sexes. These results indicate that duck embryonic ovary is much more active in production and secretion of sex steroid hormones than the embryonic testes. It is suggested that the sex of the avian species is basically male having homozygoty of sex chromosomes (ZZ), and that estrogens secreted by the embryonic ovary have important roles in female sex differentiation. Very high levels of corticosterone and cortisol either in plasma or adrenals observed shortly after hatch suggest that corticosteroids have an important role in hatching of ducks to adapt themselves to a new environment.
为阐明鸟类类固醇生成与性别分化或性发育之间的关系，采用放射免疫分析法测定了15至26日龄胚胎期以及1至14日龄胚后期雄性和雌性鸭的血浆促黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮、17β - 雌二醇、孕酮、皮质酮和皮质醇，睾丸和卵巢中的睾酮、17β - 雌二醇和孕酮，以及肾上腺皮质酮、皮质醇、孕酮和睾酮的浓度。胚胎期两性的血浆LH水平都很高，孵化后均下降。雌性胚胎的血浆睾酮和17β - 雌二醇浓度在统计学上均高于雄性胚胎，而血浆孕酮、皮质酮或皮质醇浓度未观察到性别差异。血浆皮质酮和皮质醇在孵化时均达到峰值，之后下降。雌性胚胎的睾丸和卵巢中的睾酮、17β - 雌二醇或孕酮远高于雄性胚胎。肾上腺皮质酮、皮质醇、孕酮和睾酮浓度在孵化后1天达到峰值，之后两性均下降。这些结果表明，鸭胚胎卵巢在性类固醇激素的产生和分泌方面比胚胎睾丸活跃得多。提示鸟类的性别基本为雄性，具有性染色体纯合子（ZZ），胚胎卵巢分泌的雌激素在雌性性别分化中起重要作用。孵化后不久在血浆或肾上腺中观察到的非常高的皮质酮和皮质醇水平表明，皮质类固醇在鸭孵化以适应新环境方面起重要作用。
