Byrd L D
Life Sci. 1983 Jan 24;32(4):391-8. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90085-1.
Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were recorded from conscious, chair-restrained squirrel monkeys surgically prepared with chronically indwelling arterial and venous catheters to determine the effects of acute intravenous injections of two opiate antagonists and an agonist. Naloxone (0.3--10.0 mg/kg) or naltrexone (0.3--10.0 mg/kg) had little effect on HR or BP during a 30-minute post-injection period. Morphine (3.0--5.6 mg/kg) produced biphasic effects comprising an initial decrease followed by an increase in HR, and an increase followed by a decrease in BP. Lower morphine doses had lesser effects during a 100-minute post-injection period. Pretreatment with 0.03 mg/kg naloxone attenuated the depressive effect of morphine on HR and BP, but increases in HR and BP due to morphine were enhanced. Pretreatment with 0.3 mg/kg naloxone prevented morphine-induced decreases in HR and BP, yet increases in HR and BP persisted. In previous behavioral studies, morphine in combination with naloxone similarly increased rates of responding in the squirrel monkey. Together, these data suggest an effect of naloxone that goes beyond mere pharmacological antagonism of the effects of morphine.
通过手术给清醒、坐在椅子上受约束的松鼠猴植入长期留置的动静脉导管，记录心率（HR）和平均动脉血压（BP），以确定两种阿片类拮抗剂和一种激动剂急性静脉注射的效果。注射后30分钟内，纳洛酮（0.3 - 10.0毫克/千克）或纳曲酮（0.3 - 10.0毫克/千克）对HR或BP几乎没有影响。吗啡（3.0 - 5.6毫克/千克）产生双相效应，包括HR先降低后升高，BP先升高后降低。较低剂量的吗啡在注射后100分钟内作用较小。用0.03毫克/千克纳洛酮预处理可减弱吗啡对HR和BP的抑制作用，但吗啡引起的HR和BP升高增强。用0.3毫克/千克纳洛酮预处理可防止吗啡引起的HR和BP降低，但HR和BP升高仍然存在。在先前的行为学研究中，吗啡与纳洛酮联合使用同样会增加松鼠猴的反应率。总之，这些数据表明纳洛酮的作用不仅仅是对吗啡作用的单纯药理学拮抗。
