Lauder G V
Science. 1983 Mar 11;219(4589):1235-7. doi: 10.1126/science.6828853.
The pattern of muscle electrical activity in the pharyngeal muscles of the mollusc-eating sunfish Lepomis microlophus is highly specialized in comparison with the pattern displayed by most other members of the sunfish family and does not change when different prey are eaten. The closest genealogical relative of this species has the specialized muscle activity pattern for crushing prey when it feeds on snails but uses the primitive sequence of muscle activity during swallowing of other prey. The ability of species that crush snails to use molluscan prey effectively is due primarily to the evolutionary transformation of the neuromuscular program controlling the trophic apparatus.
与太阳鱼科大多数其他成员所表现出的模式相比，以软体动物为食的小鳞太阳鱼（Lepomis microlophus）咽肌中的肌肉电活动模式高度特化，并且在食用不同猎物时不会改变。该物种最近的谱系亲属在以蜗牛为食时具有用于碾碎猎物的特化肌肉活动模式，但在吞咽其他猎物时使用原始的肌肉活动序列。能够碾碎蜗牛的物种有效利用软体动物猎物的能力主要归因于控制营养器官的神经肌肉程序的进化转变。
